Syria extends over 185.180 km2 with a 183 km coastline on the Mediterranean Sea forming its western gate. It consists of four main areas:
A narrow, fertile coastal region with its moderate climate about 20 miles in width runs down the western side.
The mountainous region runs parallel to the coastal region, and consists of two chains; Latakia mountains in the west and Al-Zawia mountain in the east with Al-Ghab valley in between. South of these are the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, a much higher range which forms a border between Syria and the neighbouring Lebanon. This range of mountains dwindles off into a hilly area in the southwest, known as the Golan Heights.
The interior plain region consists of Aleppo and Al Jazerah valleys where the Euphrates runs, in addition to Homs and Hama valleys.Much of this area is a plateau bisected by the valley of the Euphrates River, which flows diagonally from Turkey in the north to Iraq in the east. This plateau contains most of Syria's major towns and cities.
The badiat region located in the middle and the east of Syria.

Bird life consists of the pelican, flamingo, ostrich, bustard, falcon and eagle. The desert areas support the chameleon and various lizards. Mammals native to Syria include the antelope, gazelle, wildcat, wolves, deer, squirrel, camels , wild rabbits, hyenas, jackals, hare and porcupine and not to forget the Arab pure race horses